Máquinas Virtuales | Virtualización, AIOps y Ciberseguridad en Español · Raul Unzue (vExpert) Blog de Raúl Unzué (vExpert). Guías de virtualización, Proxmox, Docker, K8s y ciberseguridad en español. +1.700 artículos para Sysadmins y profesionales IT.
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Docker comandos básicos
Seguimos avanzando en el mundo de los Dockers o Containers, y hoy vamos a listar unos cuantos comandos que son básicos y que os resultarán muy prácticos si queréis comenzar a “enrredar” en este mundillo.
En otras entradas ya hemos hecho varios ejemplos, pero hoy sólo queremos dar nociones básicas para todos los que empezáis. Espero os sirva de ayuda, podéis complementarlo con las siguientes entradas:
- Crear docker en VMware
- Operaciones básicas con Dockers
- Dockerfile y Docker Compose
- Configuración de red (Networking) en dockers
- Almacenamiento Dockers en W2016
- Crear docker IIS y SQLServer en W2016
- Instalar containers en W2019
Descargar imagen docker:
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MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker pull ubuntu Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu 473ede7ed136: Pull complete c46b5fa4d940: Pull complete 93ae3df89c92: Pull complete 6b1eed27cade: Pull complete Digest: sha256:29934af957c53004d7fb6340139880d23fb1952505a15d69a03af0d1418878cb Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest |
Crear docker:
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MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker run -dP nginx Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally latest: Pulling from library/nginx f17d81b4b692: Pull complete d5c237920c39: Pull complete a381f92f36de: Pull complete Digest: sha256:b73f527d86e3461fd652f62cf47e7b375196063bbbd503e853af5be16597cb2e Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest c00e7f5a2bc3d979d2fcd57d7ed8e5baab95224994ddc4fe41ee26fad1683e16 |
Listar dockers:
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MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c00e7f5a2bc3 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 28 seconds ago Up 26 seconds 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp gifted_brattain |
Listado de puertos donde escucha un docker concreto:
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MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker port c00e7f5a2bc3 80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768 |
Para un solo puerto:
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MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker port c00e7f5a2bc3 80 0.0.0.0:32768 |
Listados de procesos que se ejecutan dentro de un docker:
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MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker top c00e7f5a2bc3 PID USER TIME COMMAND 2782 root 0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off; 2821 101 0:00 nginx: worker process |
Datos completos de un docker:
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MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker inspect c00e7f5a2bc3 [ { "Id": "c00e7f5a2bc3d979d2fcd57d7ed8e5baab95224994ddc4fe41ee26fad1683e16", "Created": "2018-10-21T20:36:35.893293565Z", "Path": "nginx", "Args": [ "-g", "daemon off;" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 2782, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2018-10-21T20:36:36.474874421Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:dbfc48660aeb7ef0ebd74b4a7e0822520aba5416556ee43acb9a6350372e516f", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c00e7f5a2bc3d979d2fcd57d7ed8e5baab95224994ddc4fe41ee26fad1683e16/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c00e7f5a2bc3d979d2fcd57d7ed8e5baab95224994ddc4fe41ee26fad1683e16/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c00e7f5a2bc3d979d2fcd57d7ed8e5baab95224994ddc4fe41ee26fad1683e16/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c00e7f5a2bc3d979d2fcd57d7ed8e5baab95224994ddc4fe41ee26fad1683e16/c00e7f5a2bc3d979d2fcd57d7ed8e5baab95224994ddc4fe41ee26fad1683e16-json.log", "Name": "/gifted_brattain", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "shareable", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": true, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0, "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DiskQuota": 0, "KernelMemory": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": 0, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/019b13c97d5f2256641ad8d10bcd6f647edac429f6341a0aaef9ec69131d3ab5-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2074906a5f97124a932718751a2d62a9c2e340c5ce65a10b35958882dd9f774c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0c093bc70eaca43e72b7f885fe2e3c5b2fa7a39f717992e82825d6c71372fa83/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1a6eff41ad6f6e62926f1b90ce8b5fcac2177064e927358c6e4bcc1bad60f842/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/019b13c97d5f2256641ad8d10bcd6f647edac429f6341a0aaef9ec69131d3ab5/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/019b13c97d5f2256641ad8d10bcd6f647edac429f6341a0aaef9ec69131d3ab5/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/019b13c97d5f2256641ad8d10bcd6f647edac429f6341a0aaef9ec69131d3ab5/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname": "c00e7f5a2bc3", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "80/tcp": {} }, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "NGINX_VERSION=1.15.5-1~stretch", "NJS_VERSION=1.15.5.0.2.4-1~stretch" ], "Cmd": [ "nginx", "-g", "daemon off;" ], "ArgsEscaped": true, "Image": "nginx", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>" }, "StopSignal": "SIGTERM" }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "994b602110210fb1275422722d1b95f30b7483a5007d807a878fcfbba552f89c", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": { "80/tcp": [ { "HostIp": "0.0.0.0", "HostPort": "32768" } ] }, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/994b60211021", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "3fda8911087022b81a4bace0bada0206645923a9d624a7e1b061774c0b79ea58", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "e2a50c2c60871127e6cb625108f8f76cf7512907f656d4601ba4b869f7ccb722", "EndpointID": "3fda8911087022b81a4bace0bada0206645923a9d624a7e1b061774c0b79ea58", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ] |
No hace falta sacar toda la información, sino que podemos filtrar, si por ejemplo nos interesa la IP:
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MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker inspect -f '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' c00e7f5a2bc3 172.17.0.2 |
Arrancar y parar docker:
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MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker stop c00e7f5a2bc3 c00e7f5a2bc3 MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker start c00e7f5a2bc3 c00e7f5a2bc3 |
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Listado completo de dockers: MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c00e7f5a2bc3 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 26 minutes ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp gifted_brattain 342bfebbb64b ubuntu "ubuntu" 30 minutes ago Created keen_bhabha bed24109c25c ubuntu "bash" 35 minutes ago Exited (0) 33 minutes ago xenodochial_noyce 6b729b14798b ubuntu "/bin/bash" 36 minutes ago Exited (0) 36 minutes ago happy_kare ec01727ea48a ubuntu "bash" 36 minutes ago Created eager_tereshkova 6f3065888608 microsoft/powershell:latest "powershell" About an hour ago Created awesome_euler 3987ff6a6ebe microsoft/powershell "powershell" About an hour ago Created priceless_brown a52475de6369 microsoft/powershell "pwsh" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago peaceful_dubinsky f155b9e2745b microsoft/powershell "powershell" About an hour ago Created pensive_stallman 92cb0e7e0e37 microsoft/powershell "powershell" About an hour ago Created quizzical_pare 7d11a5dc4cfc microsoft/powershell "pwsh" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago vibrant_mccarthy 55312ed17bb9 microsoft/powershell:latest "powershell" About an hour ago Created epic_pike |
Borrar docker:
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MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker rm 55312ed17bb9 55312ed17bb9 |
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MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker exec -it c00e7f5a2bc3 bash root@c00e7f5a2bc3:/# |
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MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu latest ea4c82dcd15a 2 days ago 85.8MB microsoft/powershell latest bcea40fb0698 3 days ago 367MB nginx latest dbfc48660aeb 5 days ago 109MB |
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MacBook-Pro-de-Raul:~ raulunzue$ docker rmi microsoft/powershell Untagged: microsoft/powershell:latest Untagged: microsoft/powershell@sha256:aa40473517065cb766ed856480872d83e699897fb0c1c7cba466354bc691dbcc Deleted: sha256:bcea40fb06989362354efe5856e5eb01ed671a7795144eacf2971c545b32513f Deleted: sha256:c5cc0315685a4ecac4230cc813acd94579de89eb59d98774788b82a078db27b7 Deleted: sha256:494d05711714c98ae0037595868fe70b103d883870f67924b2908a3f848386d3 Deleted: sha256:2416e906f135eea2d08b4a8a8ae539328482eacb6cf39100f7c8f99e98a78d84 Deleted: sha256:7f8291c73f3ecc4dc9317076ad01a567dd44510e789242368cd061c709e0e36d Deleted: sha256:4b3d88bd6e729deea28b2390d1ddfdbfa3db603160a1129f06f85f26e7bcf4a2 Deleted: sha256:f51700a4e396a235cee37249ffc260cdbeb33268225eb8f7345970f5ae309312 Deleted: sha256:a30b835850bfd4c7e9495edf7085cedfad918219227c7157ff71e8afe2661f63 |
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